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 * [[image:http://www.turkeyforunsc.org/images/spacer.gif width="5" height="10"]]
 * [[image:http://www.turkeyforunsc.org/images/spacer.gif width="5" height="10"]]
 * Turkey attaches particular importance to **Arms Control and Disarmament** issues. An active participation in international efforts in these areas, adherence to the relevant international agreements and observance of their full implementation are important elements of Turkey’s national security policy.



Proliferation of **Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)** and their delivery means is a growing tangible threat in the 21st Century. Easy access to these weapons through black markets and willingness of some states to cooperate with terrorist, extremist or organized crime groups increase the concern that such weapons might end up in illegal hands. In the light of the threatening dimension of terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, Turkey sincerely desires to see that all countries will come to share the goals of non-proliferation and collectively work towards a safer and more stable world.

In this view, Turkey favors global, overall disarmament and supports all efforts in the field of sustaining international security through arms control, non-proliferation and disarmament.

Turkey is party to all international non-proliferation instruments and export control regimes and wishes to see the universal and effective implementation of these instruments.


 * Terrorism**

Turkey strongly believes that terrorism is a major violation of the most fundamental human rights, the right to life. No matter what pretext terrorists may use for their deeds, terrorism cannot have any justification.

Turkey has been promoting the idea that the fight against terrorism could only be successful through international cooperation.

In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, Turkey joined in the international coalition against terrorism and gave its full support to “Operation Enduring Freedom” in Afghanistan. In this sense, Turkey undertook the leadership of the international stability force in Afghanistan (ISAF) twice in 2002 and 2005.

Turkey regards the United Nations as the main forum for forging the framework of international cooperation in the fight against terrorism.

Turkey closely cooperates with the Al Qaeda/Taliban Sanctions Committee and the Counter-Terrorism Committee, formed by UN Security Council’s respective resolutions 1267 and 1373. A delegation headed by Ambassador Cesar Mayoral of the 1267 Committee visited Turkey in 4-6 May 2005. A delegation to be headed by Mr. Javier Ruperez, Executive Director of the CTC will pay a visit to Turkey between 14-18 May 2007.

Turkey, for a long time, has also been voluntarily contributing to the budget of the Terrorism Prevention Branch of the UN Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODC). Turkey believes that UNODC and CTC, in coordination, can create a good synergy for strengthening international cooperation in preventing and combating terrorism.

The PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) and the TAK (Kurdistan Freedom Falcoms) are responsible for multiple terrorist attacks in Turkey. These attacks targeted tourist locations, military sites, and government buildings. The attacks resulted in several deaths.

The USA will continue to work with Turkey, Iraq, and the rest of Europe to fight the PKK and its support networks ans affiliates, such as the TAK.


 * Illicit Drugs**

One of the ways that terrorist groups, rebel groups, criminal groups, and other extreemist groups get money to buy small arms and light weapons is buy drug trafficking. If the trfficking of illigal drugs can be stopped, then the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons would also be decreased.

" There is no appreciable cultivation of illicit narcotics in Turkey other than cannabis grown primarily for domestic consumption. There is no known diversion from Turkey ’s licit opium poppy cultivation and pharmaceutical morphine production program. Turkey is a party to the 1988 UN Drug Convention" ( Department of State, March 1, 2008 – International Narcotics Control Strategy Report). "Opium and morphine base from Afghanistan are also refined in Eastern Turkey and on both sides of Turkey ’s eastern border with Iran . Turkey is also a base of operations for international narcotics traffickers and associates trafficking in opium, morphine base, heroin, precursor chemicals and other drugs. Opium, morphine base, and heroin are smuggled from Afghanistan to Iran, and then smuggled from Iran through Turkey and ultimately to Western Europe . A small amount of opium and heroin is trafficked to the U.S. via Turkey" ( Draft Research Report on Turkey, Crime, Narcotics, and Terroriam-including Organised Crime in the Balkans by The Charles Group). "As much as 80% of all heroin used in Britain has come through Turkey" ( Draft Research Report on Turkey, Crime, Narcotics, and Terroriam-including Organised Crime in the Balkans by The Charles Group). Turkish law enforcement agencies are strongly committed to disrupting narcotics trafficking. The Turkish National Police (TNP) remains Turkey ’s most proactive counternarcotics force, with the Jandarma and Customs continuing to play a significant role. Turkish authorities continue to seize large amounts of heroin and precursor chemicals. The majority of the synthetic drug seizures have occurred as the drugs were being shipped through Turkey to other countries in the Middle East. Given the scale of these seizures, it is likely that multi-ton amounts of heroin are smuggled through Turkey each month" ( Department of State, March 1, 2008 – International Narcotics Control Strategy Report). "The Turkish Interior Ministry boasted recently that, in 2004, it achieved 'a 149% increase in seizures of opium and opium derivatives" ( Draft Research Report on Turkey, Crime, Narcotics, and Terroriam-including Organised Crime in the Balkans by The Charles Group). "In 2004, TNP increased the number of drug training and prevention units it previously established in various provinces to cover most parts of Turkey. These units conducted intensive training programs for parents, teachers and students in these provinces, making a major contribution to the GOT’s drug prevention efforts" ( Department of State, March 1, 2008 – International Narcotics Control Strategy Report).

"TADOC organized 72 training programs for 748 local and regional law enforcement officers in 2007. A total of 27 programs for 441 foreign officers were held at TADOC in 2007, including officers from the Balkans, Tajikistan , Afghanistan , Jordan , United Arab Emirates , Montenegro , Kosovo , <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Azerbaijan <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Macedonia <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Malta <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Germany <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Gambia <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Morocco <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Egypt <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Lebanon <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Sudan <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Guinea <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">, and <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Pakistan <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">. These training programs focused on drug law enforcement, intelligence analysis, illegal immigration and human smuggling, interview techniques, surveillance techniques, and antiterrorism training for judges and prosecutors" ( Department of State, March 1, 2008 – International Narcotics Control Strategy Report). <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> //January-October 2007 drug seizure statistics for// //<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Turkey <span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"> are as follows: // Heroin//--9,205 kg// Hashish--9,463 kg Opium--569 kg Cocaine--100 kg Amphetamine--11,463,379 dosage units Ecstasy--1,002,003 dosage units (taken from Department of State, March 1, 2008 – International Narcotics Control Strategy Report) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">"In general, the government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and over output of poppy “straw concentrate.” That said, the country suffers lax enforcement of money-laundering controls and there is a proliferation of opium-related trafficking" ( Draft Research Report on Turkey, Crime, Narcotics, and Terroriam-including Organised Crime in the Balkans by The Charles Group). **The Most Perfect Page Ever**

Turkey, mindful of the serious threat posed to international peace and security by the illicit small arms trade and the destabilizing impact caused by the illegal transfer of such weapons at the regional level, attaches importance to and participates actively in the efforts to control small arms. In line with this perception, Turkey in 1996 became the first State to introduce the idea of establishing a small arms register within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. In the framework of the Forum for the Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and Technologies, Turkey supported the initiative of the United States to form a follow-up list of illegal arms traders and dealers. At the same Forum, Turkey also made contributions to the efforts aimed at formulating common criteria in order to determine any increase in transfer or excessive accumulation of small arms. Turkey also endorsed the initiatives at the United Nations mainly aimed at controlling small arms, and preventing their illegal trade and the accumulation of these types of weapons, especially in the hands of non-governmental elements. Turkey, furthermore, backed the recommendations of the Panel of Governmental Experts on Small Arms contained in the Secretary-General's report on the same subject (A/53/298). In keeping with the above summarized position, Turkey, during the fifty-third session of the General Assembly, voted in favour of all resolutions concerning small arms. As a co-sponsor of General Assembly resolution 53/77 E, entitled "Small arms", Turkey supports the convening of an international conference on the illicit arms trade as had been previously envisaged in General Assembly resolution 52/38 J. Turkey reiterates that the convening of an international conference will allow an in-depth analysis of all aspects of the illicit arms trade. Turkey wishes to provide the following reply to paragraph 3 (a) of General Assembly resolution 53/77 E, in which the Secretary-General is requested to seek the views of Member States on the recommendation concerning the convening of an international conference on the illicit arms trade in all its aspects: (a) Keeping in mind the dates of other global and regional-level disarmament meetings and conferences, it would be useful to convene a broad-based international conference before 2001 with the participation of not only States, but international organizations, and non-governmental organizations as well; (b) Turkey, for technical and logistical reasons, may look favourably to the Geneva option as the possible venue of this conference; (c) In the process of determining the agenda of the conference, the issues raised in the report of the Secretary-General (A/52/298) can be taken as a base. However, the agenda can be finalized at a preparatory committee which would be held after the determination of the venue and the date of the conference; (d) The conference, while taking up all aspects of arms smuggling, should address the issues of establishing a global criterion to reduce the excessive accumulation and destabilizing proliferation of small arms, as well as of initiating an international cooperation and coordination mechanism in this respect; (e) While the conference will be looking into the illegal transfer of small arms, it would also be useful to adopt a more comprehensive approach and review the international and regional initiatives to strengthen national control mechanisms along with establishing transparency in legal transfers of small arms; (f) At the conference, it would be most timely to discuss the close relationship between the illegal transfer of small arms and transnational organized crime, terrorism and drug trafficking; (g) The issue of how to fight against the destabilizing proliferation of small arms is being debated by various international organizations and at seminars convened for this purpose. During the conference it would be useful to review these efforts under an agenda item entitled "Cooperation and coordination with other initiatives in this field". (http://disarmament.un.org/cab/smallarms/docs/260_tur.htm)


 * Voting Records**

Turkey voted "yes" on the following topics; * The illicit trade of small arms and light weapons in all its aspects, resolution adopted by the general assembly (2006) __Links:__ [|small arms control in Turkey] (second most perfect page ever)
 * addressing the negative humanitarian and development impact of th illicit manufacture transfer and circulation of small arms and light weapons and their excessive accumaltion
 * small arms resolution (1995, 1997, 1998, 1999)
 * assistance to states on curbing small arms and light weapons and collecting them (2007)

[|Resonse of Turkey to the UN's Secretary General's request for views on "Towards and Arms Trade Treaty: establishing common international standards for the import, export, and transfer of conventional arms"]

=Armenia-small arms and light weapons=

The major security issue in Armenia is the ongoing conflict with Azerbaijan over the disputed Nagorno Karabakh region. The area is officially part of Azerbaijan, but 90% of its population is ethnically Armenian. The conflict has also involved Turkey and Russia. Riots began in 1988, when the Armenian majority appealed to Russia for incorporation with Armenia. However, when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, Nagorno-Karabakh attempted to claim independence from both Armenia and Azerbaijan. In the subsequent conflict, Armenia took forcible possession of parts of the region. The conflict left over 15,000 people dead. The situation remains unresolved. (3) (7) Prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, the numbers of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in the hands of civilians were low. (6) (8) However, since that time a pervasive gun culture has developed in most of the former Soviet republics. Organized crime is a major force throughout the region. Heavily armed groups traffic arms, drugs and people. (8) No firearm-specific mortality statistics are available. However, the following table contains data on intentional violence as reported by Armenia to the World Health Organization (WHO). Although Armenia has a small arms production industry, its main source for SALW supplies is Russia. Arms transfers from other former Soviet republics also occur, but more sporadically and infrequently. The weapons serve to fuel the continuing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. An arms embargo was imposed on Armenia and Azerbaijan in an attempt to reduce SALW proliferation and bloodshed. This embargo was lifted by the US in March 2002. (3) The Armenian Defence Ministry is regarded as a stable purchaser of weapons; the requirements of that department are seen as “extremely large”. (4) Examples of illicit trafficking incidents include:
 * firearm death, injury, and crime**
 * Mortality Due to Acts of Violence** (9) || 1993 || **1994** || 1995 || **1996** || **1997** || **1998** || **1999** || 2000 || **2001** ||
 * **Suicide and self-inflicted injury** || 106 || 112 || 130 || 87 || 77 || 66 || 67 || 61 ||
 * **Homicide and injury purposely inflicted by other persons** || 288 || 179 || 164 || 114 || 97 || 96 || 98 || 88 ||
 * **Other violence** || 198 || 181 || 266 || 462 || 444 || 406 || 340 || 332 ||
 * TYPES/SOURCES OF FIREARMS WHICH ARE MISUSED**
 * Between 1994 and 1996, Armenia illegally received from Russia 84 T-72 tanks, 50 armoured fighting vehicles, and miscellaneous spare parts. The total worth has been estimated at $1 billion. In March 1997, Russia's former defence minister Igor Rodionov confirmed that armaments had been supplied to Armenia without the knowledge of the Russian leaders. The illegal arms transfers were likely intended to fuel the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan. (4) (5)
 * In November-December 2000, the Kyrgyz defence industry sold the Armenian Defence Ministry over 3 million (3,000,240) assault rifle rounds for $180,000. The sale was a flagrant violation of the embargo then in place on deliveries of weapons and ammunition to Armenia and Azerbaijan. (4)